منابع مشابه
Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade
that restrict trade between countries in agricultural commodities. Many of these policies are now subject to important disciplines under the 1994 GATT agreement that is administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The paper is organized as follows. First, tariffs, import quotas, and tariff rate quotas are discussed. Then, a series of non-tariff barriers to trade are examined, including v...
متن کاملBeyond Tariff Equivalents
The services sector is the next frontier in trade liberalization, and progress in this area is likely to bring enormous economic gain to developed and developing economies. A major impediment to services trade liberaliza tion, however, is the lack of rigorous analytical work on its potential impact. Our aim in this paper is to propel the policy relevant research forward. Restrictions on servic...
متن کاملTariff Optimization in Networks
W consider the problem of determining a set of optimal tariffs for an agent in the network, who owns a subset of all the arcs, and who receives revenue by setting the tariffs on the arcs he owns. Multiple rational clients are active in the network, who route their demands on the least expensive paths from source to destination. The cost of a path is determined by fixed costs and tariffs on the ...
متن کاملSteepest Ascent Tariff Reforms
This paper introduces the concept of a steepest ascent tariff reform for a small open economy. By construction, it is locally optimal in that it yields the highest gain in utility of any feasible tariff reform vector of the same length. Accordingly, it provides a convenient benchmark for the evaluation of the welfare effectiveness of other tariff reform proposals. We develop the properties of t...
متن کاملTariff concessions in production sourcing
In this paper, we study a multi-stage production sourcing problem where tariff concessions can be exploited at the firm level using free trade agreements between countries. To solve the problem, an algorithm which embeds a very large-scale neighborhood (VSLN) search into a simulated annealing framework is developed. A numerical study is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the solution appr...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: American Economic Review
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0002-8282
DOI: 10.1257/aer.102.3.459